READING SKILLS
listening,speaking, reading; writing - order of acquisition - macro skills
- SKIMIMNG - reading quickly to understand the gist(main idea). Leaflets, classified ads, lists, google, surfing the web
- SCANNING - reading for specific information(recipes, manuals, TV guide, timetables)
- READING FOR DETAILS - reading to find precise information(tests, manuals, contracts, teacher's books, instructions)
- GUESSING NEW WORDS - using context/ co-text to derive a general understanding(newspaper article, crosswords, poetry, specific/academic texts)
- INFERENCE - reading between lines(social networking websites - facebook, lyrics, comic strips)
- ACTIVATE SHEMATA - previous knowledge - headings, pictures
- LOOKNIG FOR GIST -
- TASK - set BEFORE learners approach the text
TOP DOWN reading - efficient reading/higher level - encourage students!!!
BOTTOM UP reading - lower levels / reading all the words/building up a general picture
- VOCABULARY: pre teach what students can't guess from context/co-text.
NECESSARY PRE-CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE READING:
- language: manageable
- content: relevance
- speed(interruption)
- attention
- attention: focus on important parts
- incomprehensible vocabulary - reading for the context X vocab. class
- prediction
- background info: helps understanding
- motivation: content, level - challenging ??
- purpose: clear task before they approach the text
- strategies: getting settled, activating schematic knowledge, using headings and/or sub-headings, using pictures_diagrams, the length of the text
while reading....
- combining new information with existing knowledge
- contextual + co- textual guessing
- ignoring new vocabulary
- using cohesive devices
- using illustrations
- highlighting the main points
- dictionary
- genre recognition
post-reading...
- how the text made you feel
- summarizing
- new info learned (surprise)
- info transfer to another format
- comparing ideas with another student
- discussion
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